All good points.
Except ... in the case of Sodom and G. and the tower of Babel. God did already know. But God is mercy (merciful and loving) and love. He often sent a prophets among men to warn the people as with the children of Noah and the children of Abraham and Israel when they were straying. In the case of Sodom and Gomorrah it says the LORD God came himself and went down into the streets that night and preached truth of sin and the need of repentance to the people;
I don't think it says that anywhere. Please cite if you can find it. Not that I think you are wrong that He was looking for repentance, and if ten (probably only 6, since Lot and family counted for 4) had repented, God would have stayed the calamity, according to His promise to Abraham.
yet, he found not even 10 willing to repent. IOW, God came as Emmanuel among men honored his gift of free will to mankind and offered a second chance to change.
I'm not sure what you mean by that. Are you referring to Jesus coming in the flesh? If so, how does that apply to Sodom?
Yes, I believe God the Spirit is everywhere
But what does "God is everywhere" mean? Is God in my toilet? Why do you care if God is in my toilet? What benefit does God being in my toilet provide you? Rather, the promises about God's presence seem to point to the fact that He is watching over us, that we can come to Him and ask for help at anytime, and if we are in danger, or just in need of something, He knows what we need before we even ask. His presence, then, is really an assurance of Him seeing what we need, not just happening to be everywhere. So if God sees everywhere, then He can know things about us wherever we are.
... but it is his mercy that causes him to come among men or send prophets.
Ok, but how is this relevant?
Another example was when God showed Jonah he was everywhere. Jonah did not think of God as an omni-present. He thought of him as a finite LORD God. He thought he could escape God's finite presence ... so, he fled in the opposite direction of Nineveh in order to hide from God.
Whether God proved He was "everywhere" or just proved that He saw what Jonah was doing and responded (by sending a storm and then a fish), see above. Jonah, no doubt, learned something about God.
He wasn't able to do so and wound up going to Nineveh anyway as God requested. The same with Adam and woman. They thought they could hide from the the presence of The Word of God who came talking and walking in the Garden, but they could not hide from his presence for God is first a Spirit and sees all for he is in all and all is in Him.
Does God have to be in my toilet to "see all"? I'm using the ridiculous to show that it isn't a necessary thing that God is somehow "everywhere", if He can see whatever trouble we are in, or whatever sin we commit, and respond accordingly.
Nothing surprised God ... but he is merciful and created away to come unto mankind like a Father to rescue, teach, and offer mercy.
I happen to think this is a mystery of how the Spirit was able to come among men as Emmanuel to show his mercy.
"Emmanuel" did not come as the Spirit.
He came among men as a physical human.
But was it His mercy that He was showing to Sodom? or His justice? Was it His mercy He was showing to the tower builders? or His wisdom? Maybe both, if He was offering the opportunity to repent. I do think that was part of the story when the two angels showed up. Perhaps it was part of the reason He went down, but there is no mercy expressed in the narrative. He went down to look at what they were doing, then He went down (further?) to confuse their language. We can speculate that part of His going down was to find out if they would repent so that He could be merciful to them--but it isn't stated.
