His death was a substitutionary death. He paid the punishment for our sin, our transgressions.
Penal Substitution (PS) is:
1. Unfair in that the innocent is tortured and the guilty is allowed to go free undisciplined and it would not matter if the innocent was willing or not.
2. God is shown punishing Jesus without cause.
3. The guilty misses out on all the benefits of being fairly/justly disciplined.
4. Not an example we should follow.
5. Does not need man’s faith to complete the process of atonement, yet faith is needed?
6. Christ, Paul, Peter, John and the Hebrew writer all use the analogy of a ransom, so PS has the “ransom” being paid to God, but God is not the kidnapper, and the ransom analogy would have the payment being made to someone who does not deserve to be paid anything yet PS would say God deserves to be paid, so it is not a ransom. (I do not agree with the “Ransom Theory” of atonement either.)
7. PS puts the problem being God and not man’s problem, so Christ is trying to fix something for God, so God can forgive, but God forgave sin prior to Christ going to the cross.
8. The sacrifices in the Old Testament where not “substitutes” for the people (they could be a bag of flour), but were directed toward God.
9. Under PS there is no part humans play, while in the only atonement sacrifices that did result in God’s forgiveness (Lev. 5) there was a part the sinner played.
What about God willing letting Christ to go to the cross:
1. It is totally part of God’s character to do all He can to help willing individuals and allowing those individuals to experience all the benefits of being disciplined without being killed is a huge benefit to them.
2. Jesus says: “If there be any other way, let this cup pass from me…” which tells us there is no other way and this is something Jesus did not want to do, so the Father empathizing with Christ would show the Father does not “want” him to do it, but the father’s will is that He do it, because there is “no other way” to help us with our need for discipline.
3. There was a time prior to Christ going to the cross that God and Christ forgave sin without this discipline. Even a wonderful parent can run into a situation where they cannot discipline (punish) their repentant children and that was the time before the cross. The “punishment” for most intentional sins was death or banishment which was just but too severe for the Jews to implement most of the time. Lesser sins like the unintentional sins did have atonement and would be forgiven. Paul does talk about this Ro 3: 25 “…because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished” in my understanding it was because there was no alternative punishment to death and/or banishment, that would allow the transgressor that repented to live and remain .
What about the “joy”? "...who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame..." Jesus did it for his future joy.”
1. Jesus did not want to go to the cross, Jesus says: “If there be any other way, let this cup pass from me…” Jesus was very willing to be obedient to death and God was willing to experience the pain with Christ, but was that out of unconditional Love for humans or some future conditional benefit?
2. We can take pleasure in sharing in the suffering that Christ bore, but is that to gain anything more than what we have already been given (is it not out of gratitude)? This becomes part of our witness to help others, like all Paul went through. To suggest Deity (Christ) gains anything more than is His already from going to the cross, seems unexplainable. Deity shows His Love and worthiness for man and is helping man and that is where I see Deity being happy. (It is in giving and not getting.)
3. Deity takes pleasure in helping humans and the cross helps humans receive all the benefits of just punishment and remaining alive, we also know that God is just/fair and has a sacrificial Love for us.
How is PS a ransom system since Christ, Paul and the Hebrew writer all describe it as a ransom?
1. Do we agree God is paying the ransom, Jesus’ death on the cross is the payment, and we are the ones being held captive and we are set free?
2. The question is who is holding us captive?
3. Who places any value on this type of a payment (who would benefit from taking this payment)?
4. How can some humans remain lost? Was the payment not great enough to save everyone? Did the person holding the hell bound person not willing to accept the payment?
5. If you say God is paying himself, that would mean God is holding us captive, so how would that work since he can just let us go? If God is paying Himself, what value does God place in a tortured, humiliated and murdered Christ (that makes God out to be blood thirsty)? If God is paying himself, why wouldn’t everyone be set free? If God is paying himself, that means God has a “need” to be satisfied and I do not see God needing anything, so what is the problem? If God is paying himself why all the teaching on this being for us, since it is being made to God for some reason?
6. If the ransom is being paid to satan, there is lots of other problems: why would God owe satan anything, why can’t God just over power satan, why wouldn’t everyone be set free, where is it discussed in scripture the payment is for satan, when did satan get raised to such status, did satan capture humans or did humans make a free will choice to join him, and how does Jesus’ death help satan?
7. If the ransom is being paid to those humans that accept the ransom: would that explain why some are not paid for, the value of what Christ did on the cross is for our sake and so we take value in what Christ did, we are the ones holding ourselves captive to sin (we can only blame ourselves), and what happened with the cross is centered on our need