1. To be accurate, Jesus refused to condemn the woman even (“Then neither do I condemn you,”) though the fact that she broke the Mosaic Law on adultery was never in dispute.
To be acurate, He couldnt condemn her under the law since the witnesses testimony wasnt there and the man wasnt brought, guilt had not been established.
2. There is no mention of who caught her in adultery, just that “Let any one of you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.”
yes, because the "witnesses" didnt bring the man, hence they did not follow the law and were sinning themselves.
3. Given that Jesus was the only one without sin, He could have thrown the first stone but chose to show compassion.
If He had done so, He would have been in violation of the law, because the law required 2 or 3 witnesses and also the man to be present right along with the women, that was not done, so there was no charge according to the law.
4. The original Mosaic Law never actually states that only those without sin were allowed to throw the first stone, but Jesus was demonstrating His divine authority to introduce the proper interpretation of the Law.
Yes, His proper interpretation was that these laws were not followed.
Deuteronomy 19:15 "A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin which he has committed;
on the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be confirmed.
Leviticus 10:10 If there is a man who commits adultery with another man's wife, one who commits adultery with his friend's wife,
the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.
Deuteronomy 22:22 "If a man is found lying with a married woman, then
both of them shall die, the man who lay with the woman, and the woman; thus you shall purge the evil from Israel.
The "witness" said they were caught in the act, where was the man? Not brought, that was the trap. They werent following the law and wanted Christ not to follow it either.
5. Under Mosaic Law, her male partner was equally guilty of adultery but there is no mention as to why he wasn't brought to the temple courts.
He wasn't brought, because they didnt follow the law and thats how they wanted to trap Christ and Christ put it right back on them when He said the one without sin cast the first stone, the witnesses were breaking the law, hence in sin.
Since they left, there was no longer a way to establish guilt which required the testimony of 2 or 3, and would have also required the other party (the man) to be there, so guilt was not established, hence she was not guilty under the law.
Its basically like you get pulled over and a cop searches your car illegally and anything found is thrown out, because the law was broken by the unlawful search. Due to that, no law violation could be established.