Hints in Genesis Adam and Eve were sinful before they ate...

ttruscott

Well-known member
I posted this in another thread and it was suggested it would be a good stand-alone topic so here goes! I post from the pov that we were created as SPIRITS before the earth was created which sheds quite a new light on Christian theology.

I do not offer this as proof of my Pre-Conception Existence theology (PCE) because there is only the same proof as any other sect has, that is, either none or the witness of the holy spirit in your heart by faith. I am not offering proofs, I am offering a new pov based only upon an interpretation of scripture.

I suggest there are good reasons to believe that Adam and Eve were already sinners when they were sown into the earth. Let's look closely to see if there are any clues about this:

First:
Verse Gen 1:31 refers to everything as very good which is accepted to imply Adam and Eve were very good also before they ate. But very good must include the evil angels of the satanic rebellion who were, at that time, being held in chains of darkness in Sheol, 2 Peter 2:4 For if GOD spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to Tartarus and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgement.

It seems to me that Gen 1:31 somehow includes these evil angels as very good or everything does not refer to some beings who existed and fell into sin before this earthly creation. If we accept that Satan et all sinned AFTER the proof of YHWH's divinity and eternal power rendered no one without an excuse, we are in the untenable situation that Satan and the demons knew they were doomed if they fought against YHWH but then started the war in heaven against HIM anyway! Were they suicidal or what?? So at least some of the people created in GOD's image had a free will and scorned GOD unto damnation before the creaton of the physical universe.

Now there is no proof yet that Adam existed before his earthly life and fell into sin before his earthly body but IF HE DID, he might not be included in the summation the everything that was very good, just like the evil angels are not included.

Second:
It is not proven that very good refers to a state of being and not to a purpose. If the purpose of God's creation of the earth was as a rehab centre for those addicted to evil, ie, a reform school to chasten, convert and sanctify His fallen sinful Church (His sheep gone astray) by training them to be righteous, Hebrews 12:5-11, then His creation of the earth for the purpose of the redemption of His church could indeed be called very good even though part of the church was already fallen and not doing so good.

Third:
The words of Genesis 2:18 are very familiar to us today: The Lord God said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone.’” Have you ever considered the implication of this NOT GOODNESS being corrected before everything was judged to be VERY GOOD, verse 1:31? Does it not suggest that GOD created something as not good?

How could Adam be alone when GOD was in full fellowship with him? How does the presence of GOD need to be augmented by someone else for Adam to be not alone?

Did HE make a mistake or did something change within HIS creation so Adam was alone in a bad way, that is, needing to be corrected? Do we not believe that the only thing that can separate us from GOD is the free will choice to be sinful, to rebel against HIM because GOD cannot create evil?

And how does GOD fix this not good? HE brings the animals to Adam to name them and to see if his helpmeet was among them: Gen 2:20 The man gave names to all the livestock, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. But for Adam no suitable helper was found.
helper: S5828. ezer
Definition: a help, helper

suitable: S5048: neged:
in front of, in sight of, opposite to
Does anyone have a reason so many, ie, most, commentators of this verse leave out any reference to the word suitable, that is, “in front of, in sight of, opposite to” as to its meaning to the verse or to the English, suitable? It seems like a wild guess as to what it means here...

So Adam did not just need a companion (perhaps a wife as most commentators suggest?) but he needed help with something... and the help was not just a general help such as with his gardening job but a specialized, suitable, helping as by a teacher, mentor or example.

Does this need for a specialized helper impact at all upon the question: "Whose idea was it that Adam look among the animals for a his suitable, ie specialized, helper?" GOD knew HE had Eve in the wings for him so it must have been Adam's idea that an animal might be suitable, right? So why did GOD acquiesce to Adam's wanting to look among the animals for his helper instead of just telling him, "Nope, I got someone special for you! ?" It seems like there was some separation between them after all, eh? Some lack of communication between GOD and HIS perfect, faithful, creation? Or only a bit of miscommunication?

Or does it imply that Adam was not as he was created, ie perfect and
faithful, but was being a little rebellious to GOD, ie, unfaithful in his heart against what GOD wanted for him? Does this story imply that Adam was sinful at this time in the garden? Was this why he and Eve were characterized as `RM, erm, that is, naked, the exact same word also used of the serpent to describe his being cunning in evil in the very next verse? If so, then this cannot have been their creation because they had had time after their creation to understand GOD's commands and to break at least one of them to become sinful, that is, `rm. Do we only think that erm means naked because we need it eisegetically to avoid the implication that Adam was a sinner before he ate?

If Adam and Eve were in fact merely unclothed and not sinful, then why when they ate were their eyes opened to their unclothedness, the unclothedness they had before they ate, as their sin and not to their eating as their sin?? What is sinful about being unclothed as GOD created you in the privacy of your own garden? Even if this is an euphemism for sex then how is it sinful when they were ordered to procreate? Nothing about this makes sense since being merely unclothed cannot be a sign of sinfulness ! When sinfulness is represented as being naked like it is in Rev 3:17 You say, ‘I am rich; I have grown wealthy and need nothing.’ But you do not realize that you are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked. it means to be fallen and sinful, not merely unclothed. And, it is seen, being naked in sin is also related to being blind.

Since the rabbis were convinced Adam and Eve were created in the garden, they rejected the idea they were already sinners when they arrived in the garden (GOD cannot create evil people - at least, not until HE needs to do so for some unknown reason, a reference to the inherited sin fiasco... another blasphemy altogether!) so they interpreted `rm as naked, not cunning in evil though the spelling was exactly the same. The Church Fathers agreed with the Hebrew scholars (those paragons of interpreting GOD's theology) and ignored the implications of this story. Eisegesis can be fun, eh?

Fourth:
I also have concerns how this story of the fall in the garden and not before the creation of the physical universe which can be surmised from Job 38:7 where ALL the sons of GOD sang HIS praises for this act which was the proof of HIS divinity and eternal power that rendered everyone without excuse, Rom 1:18-20... Iow, if you are a son of GOD, you were probably there at the creation of the physical universe and sang your heart out!!!!

Fifth:
Then there is also Timothy 1:9 We also know that the law is made not for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and irreligious, etc, etc. which tells us clearly that the law is NOT given to the righteous to steer their decisions but to the sinful to convict them of their sin. Rom 3:20 Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law. For the law merely brings awareness of sin. which suggests that the command to not eat was given to them as sinners to convict them of their sinfulness as it did, very well.

Sixth:
Then as well, there is the small point of Adam being the first to bring sin into the world. In my book the serpent entered the garden with sinful intent to sin and tempted Eve, the first to sin. in the garden. Then Eve ate, the second to sin and tempted Adam, the third to sin, when he ate. The only way it makes sense to say Adam brought sin into the world is if Adam was a sinner when he was moved from Sheol into his human body, Matthew 13:36-39, and as the first person in the garden, was the first to bring evil into world.

To sum up the hints that Adam and Eve (not just in the serpent) were sinful in the garden before they ate:
1. It was not good that Adam was alone.
2. There is no reason for Adam to be looking amongst the animals for Eve if he was not being rebellious.
3. Adam and Eve are called `rm which is both naked or equally possible, cunning in evil. Since being naked is not a sin then there is no reason for their eyes to be opened to their nakedness when they ate. If nakedness does refer to their sin, then remember they were naked before they ate.
4. Job 38:7 suggests we all saw the act of creation of the physical universe so we are without excuse, Rom 1:28-20.
5. They were given a command which implies that they were sinners needing to have their eyes opened to their sin to convict them so they could repent and return to Christ.
6. Adam was the first to bring sin into the world implying that he was sinful when he was placed in the garden because others sinned before him.
 
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way 2 go

Well-known member
To sum up the hints that Adam and Eve (not just in the serpent) were sinful in the garden before they ate:
1. It was not good that Adam was alone.
lucifer was good & in the Garden of eden
(Ezekiel 28:13) Thou wast in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, the topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was in thee; in the day that thou wast created they were prepared

2. There is no reason for Adam to be looking amongst the animals for Eve if he was not being rebellious.
God brought the animals & Adam wasn't rebelling that would be sin
(Genesis 2:19) And out of the ground Jehovah God formed every beast of the field, and every bird of the heavens; and brought them unto the man to see what he would call them: and whatsoever the man called every living creature, that was the name thereof.

3. Adam and Eve are called `rm which is both naked or equally possible, cunning in evil. Since being naked is not a sin then there is no reason for their eyes to be opened to their nakedness when they ate. If nakedness does refer to their sin, then remember they were naked before they ate.
First thing God did after judgement was cover them

(Genesis 2:25) And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

ate of the tree of knowledge of good and evil

(Genesis 3:7) And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made themselves aprons.

(Genesis 3:21) And Jehovah God made for Adam and for his wife coats of skins, and clothed them.
4. Job 38:7 suggests we all saw the act of creation of the physical universe so we are without excuse, Rom 1:28-20.
5. They were given a command which implies that they were sinners needing to have their eyes opened to their sin to convict them so they could repent and return to Christ.
are you saying sin is very good ?
(Genesis 1:31) And God saw everything that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
6. Adam was the first to bring sin into the world implying that he was sinful when he was placed in the garden because others sinned before him.
our inherited sin is through the male seed
 

Nick M

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Now there is no proof yet that Adam existed before his earthly life
There is proof that this isn't true, including Genesis 1 and 2. The whole point of saying the evening and morning are the first day is so we know it was the first day, and we know exactly what he means. It doesn't mean something other than what it says. And if you use scripture to figure out scripture it can help.

From Exodus 20. This also confirms young earth and eliminates all other possible un-Biblical theories about old earth creation. Of course I would say 6500 years ago is old. This also confirms the the trinity described in Genesis 1 saying let us create man in our image, the plural usage is not about angels. They were created in the Genesis week too.

11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.
 

VladtheDestroyer

Well-known member
If we accept that Satan et all sinned AFTER the proof of YHWH's divinity and eternal power rendered no one without an excuse, we are in the untenable situation that Satan and the demons knew they were doomed if they fought against YHWH but then started the war in heaven against HIM anyway! Were they suicidal or what??

It certainly was a foolish thing when Satan and some of the angels choose to rebel against God. Apparently, they can be just as dumb as we are, as far that goes.


helper: S5828. ezer

Definition: a help, helper

suitable: S5048: neged:
in front of, in sight of, opposite to
Does anyone have a reason so many, ie, most, commentators of this verse leave out any reference to the word suitable, that is, “in front of, in sight of, opposite to” as to its meaning to the verse or to the English, suitable? It seems like a wild guess as to what it means here...

So Adam did not just need a companion (perhaps a wife as most commentators suggest?) but he needed help with something... and the help was not just a general help such as with his gardening job but a specialized, suitable, helping as by a teacher, mentor or example. Does this need for a specialized helper impact at all upon the question: "Whose idea was it that Adam look among the animals for a his suitable, ie specialized, helper?"

This isn't exactly a bad point you are making in this part. What is it exactly that Adam would have needed help with? What could women do to help with anything his original situation in Eden. Cook? Do shopping? Mend clothes? These things were not needed there. To put it bluntly, the only other thing I have ever been able to think of, is sex. 😯 But there ARE some few people in this world who seem they would rather be alone. I sometimes wish I was one of those people. Relationships are HARD and men and women can cause each other plenty of headaches.

Now we can't know this for certain, but it could be that while God was showing Adam all of these animals, He was trying to figure out which kind of Man Adam was. The kind that would rather be alone, or the stupid kind. Perhaps as God brought Adam all of the birds of the air, He said "Look at this duck, Adam. This duck has found a mama duck and they will be together for always and have baby ducks together. I can make something like this for you too, if that's what you want.." :D

What do you think about that @ttruscott ?


Or does it imply that Adam was not as he was created, ie perfect and
faithful, but was being a little rebellious to GOD, ie, unfaithful in his heart against what GOD wanted for him? Does this story imply that Adam was sinful at this time in the garden? Was this why he and Eve were characterized as `RM, erm, that is, naked, the exact same word also used of the serpent to describe his being cunning in evil in the very next verse? If so, then this cannot have been their creation because they had had time after their creation to understand GOD's commands and to break at least one of them to become sinful, that is, `rm. Do we only think that erm means naked because we need it eisegetically to avoid the implication that Adam was a sinner before he ate?

Since the rabbis were convinced Adam and Eve were created in the garden, they rejected the idea they were already sinners when they arrived in the garden (GOD cannot create evil people - at least, not until HE needs to do so for some unknown reason, a reference to the inherited sin fiasco... another blasphemy altogether!) so they interpreted `rm as naked, not cunning in evil though the spelling was exactly the same. The Church Fathers agreed with the Hebrew scholars (those paragons of interpreting GOD's theology) and ignored the implications of this story. Eisegesis can be fun, eh?

I try to teach myself a little Hebrew now and then. It is a fascinating language. There are words an amateur like me can recognize after a while by learning the alphabet and looking at the root. But this doesn't always work and it took me while to learn that there is a reason for that. You have correctly identified the semitic root 'rm, which is why both of these words look the same:

עָרוֹם -naked

עָרוּם -cunning

BUT we have to know more than just how these words are spelled, we have to know how they are vocalized. That is something I did not understand at first. But it makes a difference. We have to remember, the Torah wasn't meant to be read. It was meant to be recited! ;)

ʿārôm -naked

ʿārūm -cunning

In fact, the very 2 verses you mentioned form a literary device that helps one studying Hebrew, to remember the differences in meaning.

Adam was ʿārôm (naked, innocent) but the serpent was ʿārūm (cunning, crafty)
To sum up the hints that Adam and Eve (not just in the serpent) were sinful in the garden before they ate:
1. It was not good that Adam was alone.
2. There is no reason for Adam to be looking amongst the animals for Eve if he was not being rebellious.
3. Adam and Eve are called `rm which is both naked or equally possible, cunning in evil. Since being naked is not a sin then there is no reason for their eyes to be opened to their nakedness when they ate. If nakedness does refer to their sin, then remember they were naked before they ate.
4. Job 38:7 suggests we all saw the act of creation of the physical universe so we are without excuse, Rom 1:28-20.
5. They were given a command which implies that they were sinners needing to have their eyes opened to their sin to convict them so they could repent and return to Christ.
6. Adam was the first to bring sin into the world implying that he was sinful when he was placed in the garden because others sinned before him.

It looks to me like @way 2 go has already done a good job of responding to these. And it looks to me that his reply is a bit devastating to your theory. 😦
 

ttruscott

Well-known member
God brought the animals & Adam wasn't rebelling that would be sin
(Genesis 2:19) And out of the ground Jehovah God formed every beast of the field, and every bird of the heavens; and brought them unto the man to see what he would call them: and whatsoever the man called every living creature, that was the name thereof.
Why do you stop there when the rest of the thought is continued and needs to be explained: And no suitable helper was found? No one deals with this phrase and what it means.

Why did GOD bring the ansimals to Adam to find a suitable helper???
 

ttruscott

Well-known member
First thing God did after judgement was cover them
Does this imply you think nakedness was sinful? That is my point... They were naked before they ate but only had their eyes opened to, ie, realized that nakedness after they ate! They were not judged for eating, they were judged for being naked!

It is clear that they eating only gave them the ability to see, feel, their shame which they tried to cover with fig leaves, a metaphor for all the useless things that sinners do to try to atone for their sin. Of course GOD covered them by a bloodletting, the metaphor for Christ's atoneing death, the whole reason they were put in th egarden in the first pace.
 

ttruscott

Well-known member
are you saying sin is very good ?
Not me, not at all...

but there were sinful angels by the time of Gen 1:31 when everything was declared to be good (except Adam being alone, of course, that was still not good) so WHAT DID HE MEAN? Was Satan's fall and incarceration part of what HE made or what...?

Remember the serpent was sinful before Eve and Adam ate. He entered the garden with sinful intent to deceive Eve, proving that sin existed before they ate.

How was the serpent called very good when he was evil unless very good was not a moral depiction but a description that GOD's prison for evil with a rehabilitation wing for these whose evil could be cured by the atonement, ie, HIS sheep already gone astray into sin, was perfect to fulfill that purpose?

For us to believe this orthodox pov of everything was good then we have to believe that two opposites are both true at the same time, ie, that everything was morally good and that the serpent was evil. This is know as a doublethink error that needs to be explained.
 

Derf

Well-known member
Not me, not at all...

but there were sinful angels by the time of Gen 1:31
I don't see any evidence of this in the text.
when everything was declared to be good (except Adam being alone, of course, that was still not good) so WHAT DID HE MEAN? Was Satan's fall and incarceration part of what HE made or what...?

Remember the serpent was sinful before Eve and Adam ate. He entered the garden with sinful intent to deceive Eve, proving that sin existed before they ate.
We aren't given the serpent's intention prior to the temptation narrative. So no, there's no proof there that sin already existed.
How was the serpent called very good when he was evil
He wasn't
unless very good was not a moral depiction but a description that GOD's prison for evil with a rehabilitation wing for these whose evil could be cured by the atonement, ie, HIS sheep already gone astray into sin, was perfect to fulfill that purpose?

For us to believe this orthodox pov of everything was good then we have to believe that two opposites are both true at the same time, ie, that everything was morally good and that the serpent was evil. This is know as a doublethink error that needs to be explained.
Or, and this is important, that the serpent/Lucifer was not evil at the time God declared everything good, but he rebelled after that declaration.
 

ttruscott

Well-known member
our inherited sin is through the male seed
I do not accept that GOD creates evil people by forcing them to be created in Adam's line... IF original sin means that we inherit a sinful nature from Adam and NOT that we are guilty of our own free will decision to sin, then I cannot accept it until some questions are answered to my satisfaction...

1. Sin is accrued only by a free will choice to sin.
IF we are created as sinful without any choice to be sinful then it stands to reason that this lack of mens rea (guilty intent) means I am not guilty of any sin or crime and should not be held accountable. If I have a sinful nature from Adam then it is either Adam who is guilty of all my sins or it is GOD because HE did not have to create me a member of Adam's family!

2. Against scripture
I need to know how this doctrine doesn't contradict the doctrine so clearly laid out in Ezekiel 18:20 The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son (US) shall not bear the iniquity of the father (ADAM), neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked (THOSE WHO CHOSE BY THEIR FREE WILL TO BE WICKED) shall be upon him.
How can we say neither the foetus nor the infant dies for their own sin if they have no chance to choose sin? When do they get this chance?

We are taught to believe that we die for father Adam's sin at the same time we are told that we only die for our own sin. This doublethink contradiction must be rethought,

Pre-Conception Existence (PCE) theology contends that only our personal intent to rebel against GOD causes sin and we are sinners at our conception because we lived and decided to sin as spirits in heaven before our conception, our being sown into this world.

3. Death proves sin
Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, implies death proves sin. So yes people die at all ages but they must die for their own sin, not anyone else's: Jeremiah 31:30 "But everyone will die for his own iniquity;... says it clearly.

4. Loving righteousness cannot create evil
1 John 1:5 This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all. Can darkness come from light? Can stagnant foul water come from a spring of pure life giving water? Of course not and neither can dark (evil ) come from Light (loving righteousness). This foolishness is like striking a match and expecting dark to fill the room!

GOD cannot create evil people by any means including forcing them to be born without their aquiessence into Adam's sin. Orthodoxy only needs this blasphemous doctrine because they have completely accepted the hypothesis that we must be created in sin on earth because there is no time for us to sin by our free will as infants.

1 John 2:16 For everything in the world--the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life-- comes not from the Father but from the world. To create us with a sin nature by Adam means that all these things comes from our created nature. This verse denies that very openly. All sin comes only from our own free will decision to rebel against HIM.

Matthew 15:19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts --murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. Is 'heart' another name for our created 'human nature' or 'sinful nature'? Then you know what I think...it is wrong! All our sinful nature comes only from our own free will decision to rebel against HIM by our own free will not by HIS will!

Gal 5:16 So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. 17 For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever you want. The flesh and the Spirit are contrary to each other, they are in conflict! One cannot produce the other as a fulfillment of any purpose whatsoever.

How is it reasonable to think GOD creates that which HE is in conflict with...? GOD's Kingdom is not divided by the creation of evil as it would be IF HE created it: Luke 11:17 Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them: "Any kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and a house divided against itself will fall. ...in the context that Satan will not cast out demons which must extrapolate to therefore Christ would never be involved with creating evil.

IF it is blasphemous to say Jesus cast out demons by the finger of Satan, how much more to say that HE created all human evil by creating us in Adam's evil and liable to judgement?? And this is also in the context of: “Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters."

Gal 5:19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; 20 idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions 21 and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.
If these things are outside of the Kingdom of God then GOD as the HIGH KING cannot nor would not (even if HE could) ever create them or with the impulse to do them or with a nature that would inevitably lead to them to do these things, even by means of a surrogate like Adam.

And does not the creation of evil create dissensions, factions within HIS Kingdom??? Duh, it suddenly creates eternal evil enemies but no dissensions or factions??? <headshake, facepalm> Put this in the context of the sinful good (elect) seed who are supposedly born / created sinful yet are sown / born as people of the kingdom, Matt 13:38 and, as believers, are not condemned for their sins, Jn 3:18 though born / created as sinners. What a mess we are supposed to believe here, sigh.

I contend, in my Christian opinion (imCo), that before we were sown into the earth by the Son of Man, we chose to become people of the kingdom by our free will decision to accept YHWH as our GOD and HIS Son as our saviour from all sin by faith, not proof. Some chose to reject HIS claims to be our GOD and put their faith in HIM being a liar and a false god and by so doing made themselves unable to ever fulfil the purpose for their creation, unable to be redeemed as having put themselves by their free will outside of HIS saving grace and fit only to be banished to the outer darkness. Some of the elect people of the kingdom rejected HIS call for the judgement upon these reprobate and became sinful themselves, forcing the postponement of the judgement until they could be made holy, that is, in total agreement with all HIS plans, especially the judgment, Matt 13:27 in the parable of the good seed and the tares.

Gal 5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. THESE are the things GOD creates - wherein is there any place for sin and evil to be created in us by having us inherit Adam's sin or his propensity for sin or anything bad from Adam at all???

5. HIS Bride as filthy rags
Since the wedding of the Lamb to His Bride finishes the Bible story after all evil is vanished from this reality, it would seem to be the culmination of the story which implies the heavenly wedding is the whole reason that all spirits were created in HIS image and were created to be HIS Bride. This is the purpose of our creation.

I need to know how this purpose is enhanced by our being created in Adam's sin where we are sick and evil and the best we can do is filthy rags. Orthodoxy claims HE proved HE could create innocents with a free will so there is no reason to put us into Adam's blood line at all unless HE wanted us to be evil in HIS sight and this was HIS method. I have asked this question of orthodox believers for years and have found no reason let alone a good reason for why HE would do this.

Inherited sin is as if HE could only have a perfect Bride if HE first created her as grossly sick and evil, perhaps the grosser the better. This doctrine severely limits HIS creative ability as if HE ran out of the power to create innocents and could only create sinners...pure drek in theological form.
 
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