3.1. Number of cars that passed in the nearest lane before yielding while the pedestrian waited near the crosswalk at the curb
The first car in the nearest lane yielded to the pedestrian while they waited at the curb 51.5% of the time at the high income and 70.7% of the time at the low income crosswalk. A two-way ANOVA was conducted that examined the effect of income and race on driver yielding behaviors. There was a statistically significant interaction effect between neighborhood income and race on the number of cars that passed in the nearest lane before yielding while the pedestrian waited near the crosswalk at the curb (F(1,122) = 4.53, p = 0.03). When examining simple effects for race there were no significant differences in yielding at the low income crosswalk(F(1,122) = 2.84 p = 0.09) or the high income crosswalk (F(1,122) = 1.73 p = 0.19). The simple effects for neighborhood income revealed that for the white pedestrian drivers were less likely to yield at the high income compared to the low income crosswalk (F(1,122) = 11.18 p = 0.001); there was no significant difference in yielding at the high income compared to low income crosswalk for the black pedestrian (F(1,122) = 0.14 p = 0.71) (see Fig. 1).
3.2. Number of cars that passed through the crosswalk with the pedestrian in the same half of the roadway
A two-way ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect between neighborhood income and race on the number of cars that passed through the crosswalk with the pedestrian in the same half of the roadway (F(1,17.62) = 3.30, p = 0.01). Simple effects for race showed significantly more cars passed through the crosswalk while the black pedestrian was in the roadway compared to the white pedestrian at the high income
Fig. 2. Mean number of cars that passed through the crosswalk while the white and black pedestrians were in the same half of the roadway at the high and low income neighborhood midblock crosswalks (bars represent 95% confidence intervals).
crosswalk (F(1,124) = 6.62 p = 0.01); there was no significant racial difference at the low income crosswalk (F(1,124) = 1.06 p = 0.31). Simple effects for income revealed that for the black pedestrian there were significantly more cars that passed through the crosswalk while she was in the roadway at the high income compared to the low income crosswalk (F(1,124) = 4.40 p = 0.04); there was no significant difference for the white pedestrian in the number of cars that passed through the high income compared to the low income crosswalk (F(1,124) = 2.11 p = 0.15) (see Fig. 2).