Originally posted by Ask Mr. Religion
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Don't know why you think this is just a Calvinist issue.
A good starting point is Shaw's exposition here:
http://www.reformed.org/documents/shaw/shaw_02.html
http://www.reformed.org/documents/shaw/shaw_02.html
God is all-knowing. In his sight all things are open and manifest. He has a perfect knowledge of himself, and he only knows himself perfectly.
He knows all things besides himself, whether they be past, present, or to come, in our way of measuring them by time.
He knows all creatures, from the greatest to the least; he knows all the actions of his creatures, whether secret or open; all their words, thoughts, and intentions.
Hence the Scripture declares, "The eyes of the Lord are in every place, beholding the evil and the good."–Prov. xv. 3. "He is acquainted with all our ways, there is not a word in our tongue but he knoweth it altogether, and he understandeth our thought afar off."–Ps.cxxxix. 2-4. "Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world."–Acts xv. 18.
Yea, be knows the most contingent events: the actions of free agents, and all events concerned in them, were always known with certainty to him
so that, though they be contingent in their own nature, or ever so uncertain as to us, yet, in reality, nothing is to him contingent or uncertain. We cannot doubt this, when we consider the numerous prophecies, relating to things of this kind, that have received a most exact and circumstantial accomplishment, many ages after the prophecies were announced.
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