By uniform, I mean that the distribution of galaxies and gas has the same broad pattern in every direction we look. The background radiation is very nearly identical in every direction - identical to such a degree it placed severe limitations on the possible differences. Since everywhere looks the same, and the same near as far, then the universe should look the same from any location and looking in any direction.
Obviously when we look at the sky we observe different objects. What does it mean for everywhere to look the same?
Yes. The steps to confirm the accelerating expansion have been carried out independently and there is a strong consensus.
Independently in regard to what?
Also, if this is true there are two questions I have.
We mentioned the edge of the universe and if there is one. What about the universe expanding at different rates in different locations, extended to (theoretically?) discuss the observations of these edges
if possible?
The other item of concern I have is one discovery overriding or challenging another. In terms of measurement, for example, if we observe an object is faint and we observe a red shift on faint objects, is that red shift the same or different? An object can be fainter than the distance we determined? What is measuring what? These are two different observations, and how we evaluate these observations or measurements in respect to each other is important... and back to the fact that we are observing light which has a speed and we are determining distance with parallax though in respect to different (astronomical) objects. Perhaps faintness has to do with luminosity? But luminosity is a study in itself. We come back to how a traveling body which emits a constant sound does sound different depending on its direction... whether it is traveling toward us or away from us, and at what distance to the side as well. The speed of sound and the speed of light... how were they determined?
Our galaxy is gravitationally bound and immune to the current rate of expansion, as is the local cluster of galaxies and probably the extended cluster. The expansion effect is very weak on these relatively short distances.
Would you say this is true of all the galaxies, not just our own?